Automotive Television(TM) and the regenerative vehicle.
A Self Charging EV Vehicle.
We have a wide selection of allegedly eco friendly electric vehicles these days on the market. The only issue with these vehicles is that the environmental foot print with the batteries outweigh the cost benefit to the environment in comparison to a simple regular gasoline hybrid or Fuel Cell hydrogen electric vehicle which is the most environmentally friendly vehicle on the planet. There is no large battery to threaten the water table our farmable soil. I think the battery rechargeable will be all outlawed if any of these vehicles are really battery powered plug in rechargeable(s). Toyota does not seem to make any PHEVS any way. The gimmick also seems to run out when you need a recharge or maybe a thunder storm shorts the vehicle. The issue is the time to recharge the vehicle. Maybe someone leaves an apple phone on the engine lid and the vehicle may drain in battery power. Then, you have to find a charging port and you know it said full charge on the dash board of the super cool vehicle before you left your house. I looked into what I thought were self charging electric vehicles or I imagined the Volkswagen ID4 was self charging and the Audi E Tron product also. They are not self charging or they pretend not to be self charging. This being said, I discuss my hope here for these Battery powered vehicles and how we do have technology that will build a self charging model. This is intellectual property; however and I should get a cheque for this from some manufacturer. Without a calculator, what is 6x3? Anyway, we could make the battery powered vehicle a self charging regenerative battery powered hybrid. In the same way that the electric motors on a PRIUS or the Volkswagen ETSI https://www.volkswagen-newsroom.com/en/golf-etsi-golf-ehybrid-and-golf-gte-international-media-drive-6336/golf-etsi-the-48-v-mild-hybrid-in-detail-6338 recharge from the down force energy when the vehicle is breaking, we could use this energy to recharge the battery powered vehicle while the vehicle is driving and breaking occasionally and hence, plug in charging is obsolete. The vehicle is self charging. I might be Egyptian but I am not to be used for my observations and intellectual property. If you like the idea, send me a couple of bucks per month. Maybe $7000.00 per month will do for this one and I am happy. I will work in customer service with your company as part of the deal.
Warren A. Lyon, Journalist.
Automotive Television(TM).
List of production battery electric vehicles
This article needs additional citations for verification. (August 2022) |
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This is a list of battery electric vehicles that are mass-produced, formerly produced, and planned. It includes only vehicles exclusively using chemical energy stored in rechargeable battery packs, with no secondary source of propulsion (e.g. hydrogen fuel cell, internal combustion engine, etc.).
Production models[edit]
Highway-capable automobiles[edit]
Highway-capable battery electric automobiles capable of 100 km/h (62 mph) highway speed:
Outside the Chinese market[edit]
Production highway-capable battery electric automobiles originating outside the Chinese market, both dedicated battery electric vehicles (without an ICE-powered counterpart sharing the same body) or non-dedicated battery electric vehicles (based on an ICE-powered vehicle):
Chinese-market origin[edit]
Current production highway-capable battery electric automobiles originating within the Chinese market, including vehicles produced by Chinese manufacturers for domestic market and export markets, and vehicles developed by foreign manufacturers that are only offered in the Chinese market:
Non-highway capable automobiles[edit]
Battery electric automobiles not capable of 100 km/h (62 mph) highway speed:
| Model | Calendar year produced | Manufacturer | Marque origin |
|---|---|---|---|
| Aixam e-City/e-Coupe[29] | 2017 | Aixam | France |
| Arcimoto FUV | 2019 | Arcimoto | United States |
| Citroën Ami/Opel Rocks-e | 2020 | Stellantis | France |
| Renault Twizy Z.E. | 2012 | Renault | France |
| Tazzari Zero | 2009 | Tazzari Group | Italy |
| Toyota C+pod | 2021 | Toyota | Japan |
| Toyota COMS | 2000 | Toyota Auto Body | Japan |
Former production models[edit]
Post-1995[edit]
| Model | Calendar year produced | Calendar year discontinued | Manufacturer | Marque origin | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Azure Transit Connect Electric | 2010 | 2012 | Azure Dynamics and Ford | United States | Around 500 units were sold before Azure stopped production in March 2012.[30] |
| Besturn X40 EV400/EV460 | 2017 | 2021 | FAW Group | China | |
| Bolloré Bluecar | 2011 | Véhicule Électriques Pininfarina Bolloré | France | Cumulative sales in France totaled 5,689 units by the end of September 2016.[31] | |
| Buddy | 2005 | Buddy Electric | Norway | ||
| BMW i3 | 2013 | 2022 | BMW | Germany | Global sales exceeded 220,000 throughout lifetime. |
| Chery QQ3 EV | 2015 | 2020 | Chery Automobile | China | |
| Chevrolet S-10 EV | 1997 | 1998 | General Motors | United States | S-10 with GM EV1 powertrain, over 100 produced and only about 60 sold to private owners. |
| Chevrolet Spark EV | 2013 | 2016 | General Motors | United States | The Spark EV was released in selected markets in California and Oregon in June 2013.[32] GM planned to sell the Spark in Canada, South Korea and select European markets.[33][34] |
| Chrysler TEVan/EPIC | 1993 | 1999 | Chrysler | United States | Sold primarily to electric utilities, only 56 were produced and were sold for approximately $120,000 each. |
| Citroën AX Électrique | 1993 | 1996 | PSA Group | France | 374 produced between December 1993 and 1996.[35] |
| Citroën Berlingo électrique | 1998 | 2005 | PSA Group | France | |
| Citroën Berlingo Electric (2010) | 2010 | 2013 | PSA Group | France | In 2016 worldwide sales were 491, with just 19 sold in the UK.[36] |
| Citroën C1 ev'ie | 2009 | 2011 | PSA Group | France | EV conversion produced by Electric Car Corporation. |
| Citroën C-Zero | 2010 | 2020 | PSA Group (produced by Mitsubishi Motors) | France | Similar to Mitsubishi i-MiEV. |
| Citroën E-Méhari | 2016 | 2019 | PSA Group and Bolloré | France | Approximately 1,000 cars were planned to be produced in collaboration with the French electric car producer Bolloré.[37] |
| Citroën Saxo Électrique | 1997 | 2002 | PSA Group | France | 6,400 produced with Peugeot 106.[38] |
| CityEl | 1987 | Citycom GmbH | Denmark/Germany | Three-wheeled EV, produced in Germany. | |
| Coda Sedan | 2012 | 2013 | Coda Automotive | United States | Sales began in California in March 2012. |
| Dynasty IT | 2001 | 2007 | Dynasty Electric Vehicles | Canada | A NEV produced in Canada and later sold to Karakoram Motors in Pakistan. |
| Elcat Electric Vehicles | 1990 | 2002 | ELCAT | Finland | |
| Fiat 500e | 2013 | 2019 | Fiat Chrysler Automobiles | Italy | U.S. sales totaled 27,211 units.[39] |
| Ford Focus Electric | 2011 | 2018 | Ford | United States | U.S. sales totaled 9,226 units.[40] |
| Ford Ranger EV | 1998 | 2003 | Ford | United States | Several hundred were produced for lease only, almost all were recovered and most destroyed. |
| Ford Think City | 2000 | 2002 | Ford | United States | |
| General Motors EV1 | 1996 | 2003 | General Motors | United States | First generation (1996–1997) used VRLA batteries, second generation (1999–2003) used NiMH batteries. |
| GTA MyCar | 2003 | 2017 | EuAuto Technology/GreenTech Automotive | Hong Kong | A NEV designed by Giorgetto Giugiaro and produced by a Hong Kong company in China. |
| Honda Clarity Electric | 2017 | 2019 | Honda | Japan | |
| Honda EV Plus | 1997 | 1999 | Honda | Japan | About 300 produced.[41] |
| Honda Fit EV | 2012 | 2014 | Honda | Japan | Production was be limited to only 1,100 units over the first three years. Deliveries to retail customers in the U.S. began in July 2012 and availability is limited to California and Oregon.[42] |
| Hyundai Ioniq Electric | 2016 | 2022 | Hyundai | South Korea | |
| Leahead i1 | 2015 | 2016 | GAC Toyota | China-Japan | |
| Lumeneo Smera | 2013 | 2013 | Lumeneo | France | Highway speed-capable microcar. Sold 10 cars in 2013 before going bankrupt.[43] |
| Mahindra e2o | 2013 | 2017 | Mahindra Electric | India | |
| Mahindra e2o Plus | 2016 | 2019 | Mahindra & Mahindra | India | [44] |
| Mahindra eVerito | 2016 | 2019 | Mahindra & Mahindra | India | [45] |
| Mercedes-Benz A-Class E-Cell | 2010 | 2010 | Daimler AG | Germany | Developed with Tesla Motors. Limited production of 500 A-Class E-Cell electric cars was built, for trial purposes and lease to customers in Europe.[46] |
| Mercedes-Benz B-Class Electric Drive | 2014 | 2019 | Daimler AG | Germany | Production for retail customers began in April 2014.[47] |
| Mercedes-Benz SLS AMG Electric Drive | 2013 | 2013 | Daimler AG | Germany | Fewer than 100 units were sold.[48] |
| Mercedes-Benz Vito E-Cell | 2010 | Daimler AG | Germany | ||
| Mia | 2011 | 2013 | Mia Electric | France | |
| Miles XS500 | Miles Electric Vehicles | United States | Production electric vehicle based on the Chery QQ. | ||
| Mitsubishi i-MiEV | 2009 | 2021 | Mitsubishi Motors | Japan | Was available in Asia, Europe and the Americas.[49] It was the first electric car to sell more than 10,000 units, including Citroën C-Zero and Peugeot iOn. According to Guinness World Records, the record was reached in February 2011.[50] Global sales totaled about 37,600 units through June 2016.[51] |
| Modec | 2007 | 2011 | Modec | United Kingdom | Electric delivery vans. |
| Nissan Hypermini | 1999 | 2001 | Nissan | Japan | 219 produced. |
| Opel Ampera-e | 2017 | 2020 | PSA Group (produced by GM) | Germany | |
| Peugeot 106 Électrique | 1996 | 2003 | PSA Group | France | Similar to Citroën Saxo |
| Peugeot iOn | 2010 | 2020 | PSA Group (produced by Mitsubishi Motors) | France | Similar to Mitsubishi i-MiEV. |
| Peugeot Partner Électrique | 1998 | 2005 | PSA Group | France | |
| Ranz E50 | 2015 | 2016 | FAW Toyota | China-Japan | [52] |
| Renault Fluence Z.E./Renault Samsung SM3 Z.E. | 2011 | 2020 | Renault | France | Global sales totaled 10,600 units through December 2019, mostly composed of SM3 Z.E. units.[53] |
| REVA/REVAi/G-Wiz i | 2001 | 2019 | Reva Electric Car Company | India | Since 2001 more than 4,000 cars were sold worldwide by March 2011 and was available in 26 countries.[54][55] Sales in the UK, where it was sold as the G-Wiz and became its main market, ended by late 2011.[56] |
| Roewe E50 | 2012 | 2016 | SAIC Motor | China | |
| SEAT e-Mii | 2020 | 2021 | SEAT | Spain | [57][58] |
| Škoda/Tatra Beta | 1994 | 1997 | Škoda ELCAR Ejpovice | Czech Republic | About 100 produced, using nickel-cadmium batteries[59][60] |
| Škoda Citigo iV | 2019 | 2020 | Škoda Auto | Czech Republic | [61][62] |
| Smart ED | 2007 | 2017 | Daimler AG | Germany | Available for lease in the United States since early 2011. Originally converted by Zytek from 100 Smart Fortwos. |
| smart EQ forfour | 2017 | 2021 | Daimler AG | Germany | |
| Tesla Roadster (first generation) | 2008 | 2012 | Tesla Motors | United States | |
| The Kurrent | 2006 | 2007 | American Electric Motor Vehicle Company | United States | Neighborhood electric vehicle. |
| Think City | 2008 | 2011 | Think Global | Norway | Successor of the Ford Th!nk. |
| Toyota eQ/Scion iQ EV | 2011 | 2013 | Toyota | Japan | Deployed in limited quantities for research purposes. |
| Toyota RAV4 EV (1997) | 1997 | 2003 | Toyota | Japan | Leased and sold on US east and west coast. 1,484 were leased and/or sold in California.[63][64] |
| Toyota RAV4 EV (2012) | 2012 | 2014 | Toyota | Japan | Leased and sold only in California, from 2012 through 2015. 2,489 units were sold in the U.S. through April 2015.[65][66] |
| Volkswagen e-Golf | 2014 | 2020 | Volkswagen | Germany | [67] |
| Volvo C30 Electric | 2010 | 2012 | Volvo Cars | Sweden | |
| Venturi Fétish | 2004 | 2007 | Venturi | Monaco | Only 25 units have been produced.[68] |
| Wheego Whip LiFe | 2011 | 2013 | Shuanghuan Auto and Wheego Technologies | China-United States | Sales began in the U.S. in April 2011.[69] A total of 34 units had been sold by March 2012,[70] and 400 had been produced when production ended in 2013. |
| ZENN | 2006 | 2010 | ZENN Motor Company | Canada | Based on the Microcar MC2 |
| Zinoro 1E | 2013 | BMW Brilliance | China-Germany | ||
| Zinoro 60H | 2017 | 2019 | BMW Brilliance | China-Germany | |
| Zotye E200 | 2016 | 2020 | Zotye | China | Sales ended in early 2020.[71] |
Pre-1995[edit]
| Model | Calendar year produced | Calendar year discontinued | Manufacturer | Marque origin | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| AM General Jeep DJ-5E Electruck | 1974 | 1974 | AM General | United States | Sold to United States Postal Service and Canada Post.[72] |
| Baker Electric | 1899 | 1914 | Baker Motor Vehicle | United States | |
| CitiCar | 1974 | 1977 | Sebring-Vanguard | United States | Microcar, a total of 4,444 units were produced up to 1979.[73] |
| Detroit Electric | 1907 | 1939 | Anderson Electric Car Company | United States | Between 1907 and 1939 a total of 13,000 electric cars were built.[74] |
| Enfield 8000 | 1973 | 1973 | Enfield Automotive | United Kingdom | 120 cars were built in total, of which 65 were used by the Electricity Council.[75] |
| Fiat Panda Elettra | 1990 | 1998 | Fiat | Italy | |
| Henney Kilowatt | 1959 | 1960 | Henney Motor Company | United States | |
| Scottish Aviation Scamp | 1964 | 1966 | Scottish Aviation | United Kingdom | Produced for the Central Electricity Generating Board. 13 prototypes only. |
| Sinclair C5 | 1985 | 1985 | Sinclair Vehicles | United Kingdom | Recumbent tricycle. Out of 14,000 C5s made, only 5,000 were sold.[76] |
| Studebaker Electric | 1902 | 1912 | Studebaker | United States | Produced from 1902 to 1912 in South Bend, Indiana |
| VAZ-111E | 1989 | 1998 | AvtoVAZ | Soviet Union | |
| Zagato Zele | 1974 | 1976 | Zagato | Italy | Made by the Italian design firm Zagato. About 500 vehicles were made. |
Demonstration fleets or prototypes[edit]
| Model | Calendar year produced | Calendar year discontinued | Manufacturer | Marque origin | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| AC Propulsion tzero | 1997 | 1997 | AC Propulsion | United States | Two-seat sportster prototype, four produced.[citation needed] |
| Autobianchi Y10 Electrica | 1989 | 1990 | [77] | ||
| BMW ActiveE | 2012 | 2012 | BMW | Germany | Field testing in the U.S. began in January 2012, after the Mini E trial ended.[78] Available only in select markets.[79] |
| Elcat Electric Vehicles | 2002 | Elcat Automotive | Finland | ||
| Electrorides ZeroTruck | 2008 | Electrorides | United States | Based on an Isuzu N-series platform, retrofitted with a UQM Technologies electric motor.[80] | |
| Electrosport | 1971 | 1974 | Electric Fuel Propulsion Company | United States | |
| EMC E36 | 2011 | 2011 | |||
| Hyundai BlueOn | 2009 | 2010 | Hyundai | South Korea | Field testing with 30 units began in South Korea by late 2010, production was planned.[81] |
| Iveco Daily | 2010 | Iveco | Italy | ||
| Lada Ellada | 2011 | AvtoVAZ | Russia | ||
| Mercedes-Benz Vito 108E | 1996 | Daimler AG | Germany | [82] | |
| Mini E | 2009 | 2010 | BMW | United Kingdom | Built for field trials.[83] |
| Miles ZX40ST | 2007 | Miles Electric Vehicles | United States | ||
| Mitsubishi Fuso eCanter | 2016 | Mitsubishi Fuso | Japan | ||
| Nissan Altra EV | 1998 | 2002 | Nissan | Japan | Only about 200 vehicles were ever produced mainly for fleet.[84] |
| Optimal Energy Joule | 2008 | 2012 | Optimal Energy | South Africa | A concept car that was never released commercially; development ceased in April 2012. |
| Tango | 2005 | Commuter Cars | United States | ||
| Tata Indica Vista EV | 2008 | 2011 | Tata Motors Cars | India | |
| Volkswagen Golf blue-e-motion | 2011 | 2012 | Volkswagen | Germany | |
| Volkswagen Golf CITYStromer | Volkswagen | Germany | |||
| Volkswagen Jetta CITYStromer | Volkswagen | Germany | |||
| Wrightspeed X1 | 2006 | Wrightspeed | United States | An Ariel Atom sports car modified to use an all-electric powertrain. Production has been cancelled. | |
| Zytek Lotus Elise | 1998 | 2003 | Lotus Cars and Zytek | United Kingdom |
Vehicles planned for production[edit]
Motorcycles and scooters[edit]
Buses[edit]
- Alexander Dennis Enviro 200
- BYD C9
- BYD K9
- Higer Steed EV
- Optare Metrocity EV
- Optare Metrodecker EV
- Optare Versa EV
- Oreos 2X (PVI)
- Oreos 4X (PVI)
- eBuzz K7[91]
- VinBus
Trucks[edit]
- Tesla Cybertruck production to start mid-2023.[92]
- Tesla Semi, all-electric class 8 truck: Elon Musk announced that Tesla is starting Tesla Semi production in 2022 October and that Pepsi is going to get the first electric trucks starting December.[93]
Three-wheelers[edit]
Passenger vehicles[edit]
Champion polyplast
- SAARTHI SHAVAK E AUTO[citation needed]
Mahindra Electric Mobility Limited
- Treo[citation needed]
Omega Seiki Mobility
- STREAM[citation needed]
Piaggio Vehicles Private Limited
- Ape' E-City[citation needed]
Cargo vehicles[edit]
Altigreen Propulsion Labs Pvt Ltd[citation needed]
- NEEV
- NEEV HD
- NEEV LR
Keto Motors Private Limited
- BULKe
- BULKe plus 2.0
Kinetic Green Energy & Power Solutions Ltd[citation needed]
- KINETIC SAFAR STAR – 400
- KINETIC SAFAR JUMBO – PICKUP
Lohia Auto Industries
- Humsafar iB
Mahindra Electric Mobility Limited[citation needed]
- Treo Zor
- Treo Zor FB
- Treo Zor DV
Omega Seiki Mobility[citation needed]
- RAGE+
- SUN-RI
Rickshaws[edit]
Kinetic Green Energy & Power Solutions Ltd[citation needed]
- KINETIC SAFAR SMART
- Kinetic SAFAR SMART LFP
Mahindra Electric Mobility Limited[citation needed]
- Treo Yaari HRT
- Treo Yaari SFT
Omega Seiki Mobility[citation needed]
- RIDE
See also[edit]
- Battery electric multiple unit
- Battery electric vehicle
- Electric aircraft
- Electric boat
- Electric fire engine
- Electric motorcycles and scooters
- Electric vehicle conversion
- Plug-in electric vehicle
- Plug-in hybrid
Notes[edit]
- ^ Indicates whether the vehicle is a dedicated battery electric vehicle without any non-battery electric counterpart sharing the same underpinnings or body
References[edit]
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Tesla's quarterly reports, meanwhile, had put the Model 3's cumulative sales at 447,980 at the end of 2019.
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- ^ "Monthly plug-in sales scorecard". Inside EVs. Retrieved 30 November 2018.
- ^ Loveday, Steven. "Monthly Plug-In EV Sales Scorecard". InsideEVs.
- ^ Rechtin, Mark (26 April 1999). "Honda pulls the plug on EV Plus". Automotive News. Retrieved 8 April 2020.
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- ^ "SMERA specifications". Lumeneo.fr. Archived from the original on 2 November 2011. Retrieved 11 December 2010.
- ^ Mohile, Shally Seth (30 April 2019). "M&M stops producing India's first electric car model amid flagging sales". Business Standard India. Retrieved 1 December 2021.
- ^ "Mahindra e-Verito launched at Rs 9.50 lakh". Economic Times. 2 June 2016. Retrieved 16 February 2020.
- ^ "Mercedes-Benz Introduces the Battery-Powered A-Class E-CELL; Production Run of 500". Green Car Congress. 15 September 2010. Retrieved 4 May 2011.
- ^ Eric Loveday (11 April 2014). "Mercedes-Benz B-Class Electric Drive Enters Production – Job #1 Rolls Off The Line". InsideEVs.com. Retrieved 18 April 2014.
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- ^ "Mitsubishi Begins Sales of i-MiEV to Individuals in Hong Kong; First Individual Sales Outside of Japan". Green Car Congress. 20 May 2010. Retrieved 21 May 2010.
- ^ Guinness World Records (2012). "Best-selling electric car". Guinness World Records. Retrieved 22 January 2013.
- ^ Cobb, Jeff (10 August 2016). "Global 10 Best-Selling Plug-In Cars Are Accelerating Forward". HybridCars.com. Retrieved 13 August 2016. As of June 2016, cumulative global sales of the top selling plug-in electric cars were led by the Nissan Leaf (over 228,000), followed by the Tesla Model S (129,393), Votl/Ampera family (about 117,300), Mitsubishi Outlander PHEV (about 107,400), Toyota Prius PHV (over 75,400), BYD Qin (56,191), Renault Zoe (51,193), BMW i3 (around 49,500), Mitsubishi i-MiEV family (about 37,600) and BYD Tang (37,509).
- ^ "FAW-Toyota Ranz E50 EV launched on the Shanghai Auto Show". CarNewsChina.com. 24 April 2015. Retrieved 1 December 2021.
- ^ Groupe Renaul (19 March 2020). "2019 Universal Registration Document" (PDF). Renault. Retrieved 22 May 2020. See pp. 24 and 39. Since the launch of the Renault electric program, the Group has sold more than 252,000 electric vehicles in Europe and more than 273,550 electric vehicles worldwide. Since inception, a total of 181,893 Zoe cars, 48,821 Kangoo Z.E. electric vans and 10,600 Fluence Z.E./SM3 Z.E. cars have been sold globally through December 2019.
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- ^ Jeff Cobb (3 December 2014). "November 2014 Dashboard". HybridCars.com and Baum & Associates. Retrieved 7 December 2014. See section "November 2014 Battery Electric Car Sales Numbers"
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- ^ "Zotye E200 China auto sales figures". carsalesbase.com. 15 March 2016. Retrieved 27 December 2021.
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